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The Social History Of Labor In The Middle East
by Ellis GoldbergOnce considered of little import, the social history of labor in the Middle East emerged in the 1980s as a major area of research, as historians sought to uncover the roots of working-class organizing. This volume, the first in an important new series, presents a broad overview of recent literature on the history of workers in the Middle East since 1800 in a bold effort to bring together new directions in research and to reexamine the relevance of established ones. Contributors explore the history of labor by situating state-led industrialization within the context of older artisanal social communities. They examine how industrialization enhanced government control over the economy as a whole and analyze the public's reaction to centralized economic authority. They also explain the longevity of social coalitions supporting state industrial monopolies and examine their breakdown, along with the emergence of Islamist and other oppositional movements. Taken together the essays provide a historically grounded context for viewing the shifting relationship between states and the world economy as well as between particular states and classes and form a rich synthesis of current interdisciplinary literature on work and workers in the region.
Social interaction, Social Context, and Language: Essays in Honor of Susan Ervin-tripp
by Dan Isaac Slobin Julie Gerhardt Amy Kyratzis Jiansheng GuoThis collection of essays is a representative sample of the current research and researchers in the fields of language and social interactions and social context. The opening chapter, entitled "Context in Language," is written by Susan Ervin-Tripp, whose diverse and innovative research inspired the editors to dedicate this book to her honor. Ervin-Tripp is known for her work in the fields of linguistics, psychology, child development, sociology, anthropology, rhetoric, and women's studies. She has played a central role in the definition and establishment of psycholinguistics, child language development, and sociolinguistics, and has been an innovator in terms of approaches and methods of study. This book covers a wide range of research interests in the field, from linguistically oriented approaches to social and ethnography oriented approaches. The issue of the relationships between forms and structures of language and social interactions is examined in studies of both adult and child speech. It is a useful anthology for graduate students studying language and social interaction, as well as for researchers in this field.
The Social Meaning of Modern Biology: From Social Darwinism to Sociobiology
by Howard KayeThe Social Meaning of Modern Biology analyzes the cultural significance of recurring attempts since the time of Darwin to extract social and moral guidance from the teachings of modern biology. Such efforts are often dismissed as ideological defenses of the social status quo, of the sort wrongly associated with nineteenth-century social Darwinism. Howard Kaye argues they are more properly viewed as culturally radical attempts to redefine who we are by nature and thus rethink how we should live. Despite the scientific and philosophical weaknesses of arguments that "biology is destiny," and their dehumanizing potential, in recent years they have proven to be powerfully attractive. They will continue to be so in an age enthralled by genetic explanations of human experience and excited by the prospect of its biological control.In the ten years since the original edition of The Social Meaning of Modern Biology was published, changes in both science and society have altered the terms of debate over the nature of man and human culture. Kaye's epilogue thoroughly examines these changes. He discusses the remarkable growth of ethology and sociobiology in their study of animal and human behavior and the stunning progress achieved in neuropsychology and behavioral genetics. These developments may appear to bring us closer to long-sought explanations of our physical, mental, and behavioral "machinery." Yet, as Kaye demonstrates, attempts to use such explanations to unify the natural and social sciences are mired in self-contradictory accounts of human freedom and moral choice. The Social Meaning of Modern Biology remains a significant study in the field of sociobiology and is essential reading for sociologists, biologists, behavioral geneticists, and psychologists.
Social Movement Organizations: Guide to Research on Insurgent Realities (Social Problems And Social Issues Ser.)
by John LoflandThe authorative and richly detailed handbook is divided into three parts: (1) procedures for studying SMOs; (2) propositions or generalizations about them; and (3) perspectives or wider considerations relating to them. Included are discussions of such basic questions as: What causes SMOs and why do people join them? What are the beliefs and practices of SMOs? What effect do SMOs have, and what are the social reactions to them?
Social Policy: A New Feminist Analysis
by Gillian PascallNo-one can hope to understand the workings of the welfare state without first appreciating women's part in it. In the past decade the significance of the gendering of welfare states has become widely accepted, extensively charted in research, and more systematically theorized. Building on her earlier work, in Social Policy: A New Feminist Analysis Gillian Pascall confronts the challenges and outlines the developments that have taken place during the eleven years since its first publication. This new edition also reflects extensive social changes in women's participation at work, educational achievement, security in marriage; and policy changes aimed at producing a mixed economy of welfare, increasing family responsibility in health, community care, housing, education and income security. It examines the changing pattern of welfare provision, with increasing reliance on women's unpaid work, the gendered nature of UK welfare structures, the continuing dependence of women on men's incomes and on welfare benefits, the public/private divide, women's non-citizenship as carers for young and old; and the changing political climate of the 1980's and 1990's. Social Policy: A New Feminist Analysis covers traditional policy areas, which makes it ideal reading for students of health, housing, social security and education as well as courses about women.
Social Policy in the United States: Future Possibilities in Historical Perspective (Princeton Studies in American Politics: Historical, International, and Comparative Perspectives #172)
by Theda SkocpolHealth care, welfare, Social Security, employment programs--all are part of ongoing national debates about the future of social policy in the United States. In this wide-ranging collection of essays, Theda Skocpol shows how historical understanding, centered on governmental institutions and political alliances, can illuminate the limits and possibilities of American social policymaking both past and present. Skocpol dispels the myth that Americans are inherently hostile to social spending and suggests why President Clinton's health care agenda was so quickly attacked despite the support of most Americans for his goals.
The Social Psychology of Collective Action: Identity, Injustice, And Gender (European Monographs in Social Psychology)
by Sara Breinlinger Caroline KellyIn recent years there has been a growth of single-issue campaigns in western democracies and a proliferation of groups attempting to exert political influence and achieve social change. In this context, it is important to consider why individuals do or don't get involved in collective action, for example in the trade union movement and the women's movement.Social psychologists have an important contribution to make in addressing this question. The social psychological approach directly concerns the relationship between the individual and society and a number of theories have been developed in the field, particularly by contemporary European researchers. Yet, surprisingly, there has never been, until now, a concerted attempt to bring these various strands of research together in a coherent, detailed presentation of the social psychological approach to collective action.The authors of The Social Psychology of Collective Action review and integrate a number of theories developed in this field as well as presenting their own original research and data. The research discussed in the book ranges over a number of different contexts, with a particular focus on women's groups organizing around issues of gender. Questions addressed include: why do women get involved in women's groups? What part is played by experiences of discrimination in the family and in the workplace? What are the benefits of group involvement? How are feminist activists perceived by others who choose not to get involved? Findings from questionnaires and interviews are integrated with contemporary social psychological theory, especially social identity theory.
The Social Role of Higher Education: Comparative Perspectives (Routledge Library Editions: Higher Education #13)
by Ken Kempner William G. TierneyOriginally published in 1996 The Social Role of Higher Education is an anthology of nine papers, it presents cases studies showing how culture influences the social role of higher education in various nations. It examines how environments get defined and how they shape universities, and how knowledge and academic work interact in national contexts. This book focuses on how both developed and developing countries' systems of higher education are affected by their own culture and their place within the larger global context.
Social Rules: Origin; Character; Logic; Change (Toronto Studies In Philosophy)
by David BraybrookeThis collection is a pioneering effort to bring together in fruitful interaction the two dominant perspectives on social rules. One, shared by philosophers, lawyers, anthropologists, and sociologists, directly invites formalization by a logic of rules. The other, originating with economists, emphasizes cost considerations and invites mathematical treatment, often in game-theoretical models for problems of coordination?models that some philosophers have taken up as well.Each perspective is represented by new and recent work that moves this important topic toward increased conceptual precision and deeper insight. As a whole, the collection strikes a balance between historical illustrations and theoretical argument, offering in both a rich body of suggestions for further work.
Social Structure: Recent Issues In Social Theory
by Charles CrothersCrothers's book provides a thorough introduction to the idea of social structure. He examines the meanings of the term, the history of its usage within sociology and looks at the more recent developments in thinking on social structure.
Social Structure and Social Mobility
by Neil Larry ShumskyFirst Published in 1996. Volume 7 SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND SOCIAL MOBILITY of the ‘American Cities; series. This collection brings together more than 200 scholarly articles pertaining to the history and development of urban life in the United States during the past two centuries. Volume 7 looks at social class structure and social mobility. Its articles address questions that have intrigued historians for decades. What has been the class structure of American cities during the past two centuries? How much mobility has been possible? For whom has it been possible? What has been the relationship between social and geographic mobility? Finally, how have all kinds of Americans tried to improve their social status?
Social Theory, Social Change and Social Work
by Nigel PartonSocial Theory, Social Change and Social Work has two inter-related themes. First to account for and analyse current changes in social work and secondly, to assess how far recent developments in social theory can contribute to their interpretation. Representing the work of a range of academics all involved in research and teaching in relation to social work, it considers issues of central significance to everyone interested in the theory, policy, and practice of social work.
Social Work Approaches to Conflict Resolution: Making Fighting Obsolete
by B Harold Chetkow-YanoovSocial Work Approaches to Conflict Resolution helps readers understand the nature and causes of conflict and offers suggestions for coping with conflict effectively. It is based on two assumptions: that conflict is a basic part of the life of normal human beings, groups, organizations, communities, and nations, and that resolving conflict is part of the ongoing interventions of all social workers. A practical text for theory-practicum courses for MSW and doctoral students, it is filled with information also useful to therapists, group workers, community workers, administrators, scholars in the social sciences, practitioners in other helping professions, and trainers in the emerging field of conflict resolution itself. Deliberately linking conflict resolution and systems analysis, Social Work Approaches to Conflict Resolution tackles a number of related themes to help you see the connections between topics not normally presented together in social work literature. You’ll see how unmet needs may cause conflict to evolve and escalate and learn about the connections between strongly held feelings and the destructive relations that have developed between diverse ethnic peoples in many parts of our planet. Author Benyamin Chetkow-Yanoov draws on his own background of being a minority as well as his experience in Arab-Jewish reconciliation in Israel as he offers readers thorough explanations of: a systems model for analyzing conflict problem-solving versus resolving conflict how value clashes and victimization are some of the basic causes of conflict escalation 9 professional roles required for resolving conflicts the effectiveness of volunteers in conflict resolution teaching conflict resolution skills to various audiences trends in the evolution of voluntary conflict resolution effortsYou can apply much of what you learn in Social Work Approaches to Conflict Resolution not only to your professional life but also to your personal relationships and experiences. Also, since victimized people and groups are major contributors to the perpetuation and escalation of conflict, the book suggests 10 steps for helping victims free themselves from repeated conflict-generating behaviors.
Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis: The River Communities Project
by Martha Baum Pamela TwissWith the collapse of the steel industry in the 1980s, economic devastation hit the Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, region. Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis strives to deepen understanding of the impact of the economic tragedy in the Pittsburgh region and to present social workers’efforts to enhance recovery. This case study serves as a model for social workers, human service educators and agency personnel, public health professionals, community organizers, policymakers, economic strategists, and researchers in social work, public health, sociology, anthropology, and political science to design and implement human service interventions for similar communities using techniques of action research, community organization, and demonstration projects.Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis shows readers relatively simple and highly effective ways of assessing the social-economic situation in their given geographical area. This allows professionals to be in touch with their surrounding communities and estimate the clientele to be served, their particular needs, and their abilities to access services. Chapters in Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis describe the responses of local institutions; the roles of informal and formal support networks; and the economic devastation inflicted upon individuals, households, and whole communities. To this end, Hide Yamatani, Lambert Maguire, Robin K. Rogers, and Mary Lou O’Kennedy take the socioeconomic “pulse” of six communities, launching a longitudinal monitoring effort that can be replicated elsewhere for long-range planning and intervention; Martha Baum, Barbara K. Shore, and Kathy Fleissner address the special problems women face; Mary Page and Myrna Silverman focus upon the elderly and their families; Phyllis D. Coontz, Judith A. Martin, and Edward W. Sites look at fathers facing altered childrearing; and Lambert Maguire and Hide Yamatani discuss youth facing altered economic opportunities. With this knowledge in hand, readers acquire skills for: using action research to assess how economic tragedy affects people’s lives mobilizing appropriate actors to engage in intervention learning from community groups and leaders about their concerns to work with them rather than for them recognizing the properties of community cohesion versus fragmentation as they affect efforts of renewal identifying individuals and families suffering most under economic devastation realizing the limits of micro-level intervention generating macro policies at the state and federal levels disseminating findings from action research and intervention/demonstration efforts Finally, Social Work Intervention in an Economic Crisis offers proposals for new societal mechanisms that might reduce the impact of future recessions. The findings and policy proposals set forth in this book help households and institutions deal with the effects of economic change which continue to afflict many families and small communities in the 1990s.
The Social World of Jesus and the Gospels
by Bruce J. MalinaIn order to interpret historical writings, the reader must not employ their modern understanding of the world, but must strive to grasp the mindset of the original audience. To assist the twentieth-century New Testament reader in understanding the literal meaning of the New Testament is the goal of this collection of essays. The Social World of Jesus and the Gospels provides the reader with a set of possible scenarios for reading the New Testament: How did first-century persons think about themselves and others? Did they think Jesus was a charismatic leader? Why did they call God 'father'? Were they concerned with their gender roles?The eight essays in this collection were previously published in books and journals generally not available to many readers. Carefully selected and edited, this collection will be both an introduction and an invaluable source of reference to Bruce Malina's thought.
Socialism and the Common Good: New Fabian Essays
by Preston KingIn this collection, contributors discuss a central theme which is both theoretical and practical - the role of the state in achieving social justice in modern market systems from a socialist perspective. They reject the cult of choice and of rational egoism.
Socialisms: Old and New
by Tony WrightThis is a revised and updated edition of Tony Wright's critically acclaimed work that first appeared a decade ago. It provides a lucid and accesible survey of the major strands of socialist thinking right up to the present day and includes an assessment of the renewal of socialism in Britain. It is an indispensable text for students and a stimulating guide to socialism past and present. But it is also a book with an argument. Tony Wright makes the case for a socialism that learns the lessons of its own history, roots itself in an ethic of community and applies traditional values in new ways. It is a book for everyone who wants to understand where socialism has come from - and where it might still be going.
Society, Economics, and Philosophy: Selected Papers
by Michael PolanyiSociety, Economics and Philosophy represents the full range of Polanyi's interests outside of his scientific work: economics, politics, society, philosophy of science, religion and positivist obstacles to it, and art. Polanyi's principal ideas are contained in three essays: on the scientific revolution, the creative imagination and the mind-body relation. Precisely because of Polanyi's work in the physical sciences, his writings have a unique dimension not found in other advocates of the market and too infrequently found even in philosophers of science.Polanyi was a powerful critic of totalitarianism and of the deficiencies of the usual defenses of freedom which helped to prepare the way for it. Freedom, he argued, can be based only upon truth and dedication to transcendent ideals, not upon skepticism, utilitarianism and the liberty of doing merely as one pleases. At a time when easy slogans about socialism were dominant in intellectual circles, epitomized by Sidney and Beatrice Webb, and when calls for the central planning of scientific research were made by such as J.D. Bernal, Polanyi exposed their errors and showed that science can flourish only in a free society.More radically than even von Mises and Hayek, Polanyi showed that an industrial economy can operate only polycentrically, that central planning is logically impossible, and that what was called by that name in the Soviet Union was in reality no such thing. Likewise, scientific research can proceed, not by a central plan, but only by the spontaneous self-adjustment of separate initiatives to discover a common reality. Against the positivism dominant within philosophy of science, he argued that the notion of reality must be restored and made central. Yet physical sciences, he also argued, are only one branch of science, and the sciences of life and mind are logically richer and more complex and cannot be reduced to the former, nor mind to body or to computers, nor art to its ph
Society on the Run: A European View of Life in America
by W. PetersA study of the United States and its political culture. The author contends that democracy exists at the level of political institutions and processes in the US as well as in its private sector.
The Socio-economics of Conversion from War to Peace (Studies In Socio-economics)
by Amitai Etzioni Lloyd J. DumasThis text discusses the economic, social and political implications of redirecting labour and capital from a military-based to a post-Cold War economy.
Sociología de Karol Wojtyla: La civilización del amor
by Juan Lasterra MarcoEl siglo XXI nace con la nueva utopía social de Karol Wojtyla: una sociedad personalista, la sociedad del amor. Ha muerto el optimismo por la utopía del comunismo que prometía el progreso de las fuerzas de la materia, hasta llegar al «paraíso comunista», un mundo feliz. Ha muerto también el liberalismo como utopía que prometía el progreso y la sociedad del bienestar, con la defensa de la «individualidad absoluta». Entramos en el siglo XXI en el que, muertas las grandes utopías, se está imponiendo en todas las naciones la «democracia vacía». En este nuevo milenio se nos presenta una nueva utopía, la de una sociedad personalista, la sociedad del amor. Una sociedad en la que lo primero, la base de toda iniciativa sea la persona humana, y su ámbito natural de desarrollo el matrimonio y la familia, y el trabajo; los dos «indicadores de calidad» para la evaluación del adecuado funcionamiento de toda sociedad, los dos pilares sobrelos que el hombre como persona humana, ser-en-relación, se realiza.
Sociological Readings and Re-readings (Routledge Revivals #Vol. 4)
by Paul AtkinsonPublished in 1996, this book comprises a number of essays by Paul Atkinson in which he reflects on processes of reading and writing in the social sciences. Topics covered include: ethnographers’ ‘confessions’, an analysis of the style of Erving Goffman, a reflection of his own experiences of re-reading work, and a discussion of the challenges of reading an alien discipline. This book was originally published as part of the Cardiff Papers in Qualitative Research series edited by Paul Atkinson, Sara Delamont and Amanda Coffey. The series publishes original sociological research that reflects the tradition of qualitative and ethnographic inquiry developed at Cardiff. The series includes monographs reporting on empirical research, edited collections focussing on particular themes, and texts discussing methodological developments and issues.
Sociological Research Methods: An Introduction
by Martin BulmerA rich source of ideas about sociological research methods to assist the researcher in determining what method will provide the most reliable and useful knowledge, how to choose between different methodologies, and what constitutes the most fruitful relationship between sociological theories and research methods.
Sociologists on Sociology (Routledge Revivals)
by Robert MullanOriginally published in 1987, this edition in 1996, Sociologists on Sociology is a unique and sometimes controversial account of the development, disputes and the future of sociology as seen through the eyes of eleven of the world’s leading sociologists at the time. Consisting of interviews with – Anthony Giddens, Robert K. Merton, Howard Becker, Peter Townsend, Ralf Dahrendorf, Peter Worsley, Stuart Hall, John Rex, Michael Mann, Laurie Taylor and Ann Oakley – the book explores such crucial issues as the nature of deviance, the scientific status of sociology, the relationship of Marxism and sociology, the contours of race and class, feminism, relevance of ethnomethodology and the procedures of participant observation. The contributions of such figures as Goffman, Mills, Parsons, Weber and Foucault are assessed, and in clear and concise language the contributors discuss their own theoretical interests and empirical work in the field. Students and practitioners of the social sciences will find the book a fascinating and a uniquely direct insight into the thoughts of sociology’s leading figures and a remarkable cumulative assessment of the state of the discipline itself.
The Sociology of Tourism: Theoretical and Empirical Investigations (Routledge Advances in Tourism #Vol. 1)
by Yiorgos Apostolopoulos Stella Leivadi Andrew YiannakisThe rapid expansion of the tourism industry has provided many economic benefits and affected every facet of contemporary societies including employment, government revenue and cultural manifestations. However, tourism can also be considered a problematic phenomenon, promoting dependency, underdevelopment and adverse sociocultural effects, especially for developing countries. This pioneering work provides a comprehensive review of these complex tourism issues from a sociological perspective. Various theoretical and empirical approaches are introduced and the following issues are discussed: * identifiable and stable forms of touristic behaviour and roles* social divisions within tourism* the interdependence of tourism and social institutions* the effects of transnational tourism and commodification on the ecosystem.Featuring international contributions from nine different countries, this book brings together the most noted theoretical and empirical studies and enriches them with diverse experiences and perspectives.