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Informal Sector, Migration, and the Beginnings of Structural Transformation: Evidence from India’s Recent Economic History
by Prabir BhattacharyaThis book explores the role of the informal sector at the beginning of the structural transformation of the Indian economy. It highlights the dynamic nature of the informal sector and the crucial role that it played in that transformation. The growth of the informal sector is analysed alongside the decline in agriculture and the growth of industry. Issues such as unemployment, wages, rural-to-rural migration, in addition to rural-to-urban migration, are discussed. The book also considers the role of social factors, including those relating to caste and tribe, in migration decisions. It also highlights the links between migration, the informal sector, and economic growth that are also relevant to other developing countries. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in development economics, development studies, and economic history.
Homelessness and Mental Illness: Exploring the Lived Experience in India
by Prama BhattacharyaThis book explores the trajectories of social suffering, exclusion, and victimization of homeless persons with mental illness in India. It uses a Critical Ethnographic approach to study their lived experiences associated with downward mobilization and the challenges in the process of recovery and empowerment. Using theoretical and methodological implications, the volume highlights the experiences of this marginalized population through their voices instead of relying on epidemiological data only. It presents stories that show how such persons celebrate their abilities to tolerate all forms of ostracization and endure the sufferings with fortitude. The book discusses how ‘hope’, as a part of their experience, catalyzes the process of recovery and empowerment and helps them develop meaningful social ties to access valued social resources. It further brings to light the difficulties experienced by service providers in providing service due to a lack of resources and support at a systemic level and awareness about mental illness among various stakeholders. This book will be of interest to students, teachers, and researchers of social psychology, clinical psychology, community psychology and sociology. It will also be helpful for academicians, policymakers, social workers, mental health practitioners, and NGO personnel.
An Introduction to Panel Data QCA in R
by Preya BhattacharyaIn the last few years, Qualitative Comparative Analysis (QCA) has become one of the most important research approaches in social science. This has encouraged researchers to apply QCA, to analyze cross-sectional and panel data, leading to the development of a variety of cross-sectional and panel data QCA models.This book compares four different panel data QCA models: Cluster QCA, Multiple Sub-QCA, Remote-Proximate Panel, and Relevant Variation Panel. It starts by introducing QCA as a research approach, then discusses the assumptions, and steps in a QCA research process. It then applies these assumptions and steps to demonstrate each of the 4 afore-mentioned panel data QCA models. Each chapter also provides a step-by-step guide, that researchers can follow while building any of these 4 panel data QCA models. Finally, it compares the strengths and weaknesses of each of these models and suggests scenarios where researchers can apply them. This book is supplemented by materials like datasets and codes, available at the end of each chapter, and online on Harvard Dataverse. This book can be used as a textbook for introductory and advanced courses on panel data QCA.
Revolutionizing Healthcare 5.0: Advancements in Patient Care Through Generative AI Algorithms (Studies in Systems, Decision and Control #571)
by Pronaya Bhattacharya Haipeng Liu Pushan Kumar Dutta Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues Gautam SethiThis book serves as a critical resource that bridges the gap between burgeoning technology and its practical implementation. The book starts with an in-depth exploration of healthcare 5.0 principles, laying the foundation for the reader to understand the current shifts in healthcare paradigms. Then, it dives into the intricacies of generative models in healthcare, detailing how these algorithms work and the applications they serve. The book further delves into the subsets of generative machine learning and deep learning techniques in healthcare. As we move towards more complex applications, the book takes a turn to address the critical subject of interpretability and explainability in generative models, a topic that resonates profoundly given the life-critical nature of medical decisions. Finally, the book concludes with a robust discussion on the security and privacy concerns that accompany the deployment of GAI in real healthcare settings. By offering a multidimensional viewpoint—coupled with case studies, statistical analyses, and expert insights—the book ensures that the reader is left with a nuanced understanding of how GAI can be both a boon and a challenge in healthcare. As such, the proposed book serves as an indispensable resource for healthcare professionals, data scientists, researchers, and anyone invested in the future of healthcare and AI.
Federated Learning for Internet of Medical Things: Concepts, Paradigms, and Solutions
by Pronaya Bhattacharya Ashwin Verma Sudeep TanwarThis book intends to present emerging Federated Learning (FL)-based architectures, frameworks, and models in Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) applications. It intends to build on the basics of the healthcare industry, the current data sharing requirements, and security and privacy issues in medical data sharing. Once IoMT is presented, the book shifts towards the proposal of privacy-preservation in IoMT, and explains how FL presents a viable solution to these challenges. The claims are supported through lucid illustrations, tables, and examples that present effective and secured FL schemes, simulations, and practical discussion on use-case scenarios in a simple manner. The book intends to create opportunities for healthcare communities to build effective FL solutions around the presented themes, and to support work in related areas that will benefit from reading the book. It also intends to present breakthroughs and foster innovation in FL-based research, specifically in the IoMT domain. The emphasis of this book is on understanding the contributions of IoMT to healthcare analytics, and its aim is to provide insights including evolution, research directions, challenges, and the way to empower healthcare services through federated learning. The book also intends to cover the ethical and social issues around the recent advancements in the field of decentralized Artificial Intelligence. The book is mainly intended for undergraduates, post-graduates, researchers, and healthcare professionals who wish to learn FL-based solutions right from scratch, and build practical FL solutions in different IoMT verticals.
Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability: Proceedings of the Sixth International Congress on Arsenic in the Environment (As2016), June 19-23, 2016, Stockholm, Sweden (Arsenic in the Environment - Proceedings)
by Prosun Bhattacharya Marie Vahter Jerker Jarsjö Jurate Kumpiene Arslan Ahmad Charlotte Sparrenbom Gunnar Jacks Marinus Eric Donselaar Jochen Bundschuh Ravi NaiduThe Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" offers an international, multi- and interdisciplinary discussion platform for research and innovation aimed towards a holistic solution to the problem posed by the environmental toxin arsenic, with considerable societal impact. The congress has focused on cutting edge and breakthrough research in physical, chemical, toxicological, medical, agricultural and other specific issues on arsenic across a broader environmental realm. The Congress "Arsenic in the Environment" was first organized in Mexico City (As2006) followed by As2008 in Valencia, Spain, As2010 in Tainan, Taiwan, As2012 in Cairns, Australia and As2014 in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The 6th International Congress As2016 was held June 19-23, 2016 in Stockholm, Sweden and was entitled Arsenic Research and Global Sustainability. The Congress addressed the broader context of arsenic research along the following themes:Theme 1: Arsenic in Environmental Matrices and Interactions (Air, Water, Soil and Biological Matrices)Theme 2: Arsenic in Food ChainTheme 3: Arsenic and HealthTheme 4: Clean Water Technology for Control of ArsenicTheme 5: Societal issues, Policy Studies, Mitigation and ManagementLong term exposure to low-to-medium levels of arsenic via contaminated food and drinking water can have a serious impact on human health and globally, more than 100 million people are at risk. Since the end of the 20th century, arsenic in drinking water (mainly groundwater) has emerged as a global health concern. In the past decade, the presence of arsenic in plant foods – especially rice – has gained increasing attention. In the Nordic countries in particular, the use of water-soluble inorganic arsenic chemicals (e.g. chromated copper arsenate, CCA) as wood preservatives and the mining of sulfidic ores have been flagged as health concern. The issue has been accentuated by discoveries of naturally occurring arsenic in groundwater, primarily in the private wells, in parts of the Fennoscandian Shield and in sedimentary formations, with potentially detrimental effects on public health. Sweden has been at the forefront of research on the health effects of arsenic, technological solutions for arsenic removal, and sustainable mitigation measures for developing countries. Hosting this Congress in Sweden was also relevant because historically Sweden has been one of the leading producer of As2O3 and its emission from the smelting industries in northern Sweden and has successfully implemented actions to reduce the industrial emissions of arsenic as well as minimizing the use of materials and products containing arsenic in since 1977. The Congress has gathered professionals involved in different segments of interdisciplinary research in an open forum, and strengthened relations between academia, industry, research laboratories, government agencies and the private sector to share an optimal atmosphere for exchange of knowledge, discoveries and discussions about the problem of arsenic in the environment and catalyze the knowledge generation and innovations at a policy context to achieve the goals for post 2015 Sustainable Development.
A Course in Mathematical Statistics and Large Sample Theory (Springer Texts in Statistics)
by Rabi Bhattacharya Lizhen Lin Victor PatrangenaruThis graduate-level textbook is primarily aimed at graduate students of statistics, mathematics, science, and engineering who have had an undergraduate course in statistics, an upper division course in analysis, and some acquaintance with measure theoretic probability. It provides a rigorous presentation of the core of mathematical statistics. Part I of this book constitutes a one-semester course on basic parametric mathematical statistics. Part II deals with the large sample theory of statistics - parametric and nonparametric, and its contents may be covered in one semester as well. Part III provides brief accounts of a number of topics of current interest for practitioners and other disciplines whose work involves statistical methods.
A Basic Course in Probability Theory (Universitext)
by Rabi Bhattacharya Edward C. WaymireThis text develops the necessary background in probability theory underlying diverse treatments of stochastic processes and their wide-ranging applications. In this second edition, the text has been reorganized for didactic purposes, new exercises have been added and basic theory has been expanded. General Markov dependent sequences and their convergence to equilibrium is the subject of an entirely new chapter. The introduction of conditional expectation and conditional probability very early in the text maintains the pedagogic innovation of the first edition; conditional expectation is illustrated in detail in the context of an expanded treatment of martingales, the Markov property, and the strong Markov property. Weak convergence of probabilities on metric spaces and Brownian motion are two topics to highlight. A selection of large deviation and/or concentration inequalities ranging from those of Chebyshev, Cramer-Chernoff, Bahadur-Rao, to Hoeffding have been added, with illustrative comparisons of their use in practice. This also includes a treatment of the Berry-Esseen error estimate in the central limit theorem. The authors assume mathematical maturity at a graduate level; otherwise the book is suitable for students with varying levels of background in analysis and measure theory. For the reader who needs refreshers, theorems from analysis and measure theory used in the main text are provided in comprehensive appendices, along with their proofs, for ease of reference. Rabi Bhattacharya is Professor of Mathematics at the University of Arizona. Edward Waymire is Professor of Mathematics at Oregon State University. Both authors have co-authored numerous books, including a series of four upcoming graduate textbooks in stochastic processes with applications.
Continuous Parameter Markov Processes and Stochastic Differential Equations (Graduate Texts in Mathematics #299)
by Rabi Bhattacharya Edward C. WaymireThis graduate text presents the elegant and profound theory of continuous parameter Markov processes and many of its applications. The authors focus on developing context and intuition before formalizing the theory of each topic, illustrated with examples.After a review of some background material, the reader is introduced to semigroup theory, including the Hille–Yosida Theorem, used to construct continuous parameter Markov processes. Illustrated with examples, it is a cornerstone of Feller’s seminal theory of the most general one-dimensional diffusions studied in a later chapter. This is followed by two chapters with probabilistic constructions of jump Markov processes, and processes with independent increments, or Lévy processes. The greater part of the book is devoted to Itô’s fascinating theory of stochastic differential equations, and to the study of asymptotic properties of diffusions in all dimensions, such as explosion, transience, recurrence, existence of steady states, and the speed of convergence to equilibrium. A broadly applicable functional central limit theorem for ergodic Markov processes is presented with important examples. Intimate connections between diffusions and linear second order elliptic and parabolic partial differential equations are laid out in two chapters, and are used for computational purposes. Among Special Topics chapters, two study anomalous diffusions: one on skew Brownian motion, and the other on an intriguing multi-phase homogenization of solute transport in porous media.
Supply Chain Analytics: Strategies, Models and Solutions
by Rabindranath Bhattacharya Anindita M. BhattacharyyaAn easy-to-read textbook that will help students to understand and appreciate the concepts and decision-making processes of supply chain management through analytics. This book presents the concepts, strategies and models related to supply chains. Using accessible quantitative models, it provides a unified framework for supply chain analytics for products - right from sourcing to manufacturing to delivery to remanufacturing, which closes the supply chain. The book synthesizes a collection of analytical models in the context of both formulation and solution of the problems in all the areas of supply chain. The textbook provides its readers with the tools and skills necessary to understand supply chains analytically and quantitatively and opens opportunities for them to play around with the concepts through exercises and examples. This book will be ideal for students of management who want to get a better understanding of supply chain analytics. Key Features: • Contains over 10 case studies of real Indian companies - their supply chain problems and solutions • Includes sections on system dynamic models, stochastic models and chapters on remanufacturing models and simulation modelling • Uses Microsoft Excel solver to help students easily grasp the mathematics behind the models and experiment with the problems themselves.
High Temperature Superconductors, 1st Edition
by Raghu N. Bhattacharya M. Parans ParanthamanThis essential reference provides the most comprehensive presentation of state-of-the-art research being conducting worldwide today in this growing field of research and applications. HTS are currently being supported by numerous governmental and industrial initiatives in the USA and Asia and Europe to overcome energy distribution issues and are now being commercialised for power-delivery devices, such as power transmission lines and cables, motors, and generators. Applications in electric utilities include energy-storing devices to help industries avoid dips in electric power, current limiters, and long transmission lines. The technology is particularly thought out for highly-populated and densed areas. Both editors are leading experts in the field from the National Renewable Energy Laboratory and the Oak Ridge National Laboratory. This book can be used as a companion teaching tool, and also as as a research and professional reference.
The Sly Company of People Who Care: A Novel
by Rahul BhattacharyaIn flight from the tame familiarity of home in Bombay, a twenty-six-year-old cricket journalist chucks his job and arrives in Guyana, a forgotten colonial society of raw, mesmerizing beauty. Amid beautiful, decaying wooden houses in Georgetown, on coastal sugarcane plantations, and in the dark rainforest interior scavenged by diamond hunters, he grows absorbed with the fantastic possibilities of this new place where descendants of the enslaved and indentured have made a new world. Ultimately, to fulfill his purpose, he prepares to mount an adventure of his own. His journey takes him beyond Guyanese borders, and his companion will be the feisty, wild-haired Jan. In this dazzling novel, propelled by a singularly forceful voice, Rahul Bhattacharya captures the heady adventures of travel, the overheated restlessness of youth, and the paradoxes of searching for life's meaning in the escape from home. The Sly Company of People Who Care is the winner of the 2012 Royal Society of Literature Ondaatje Prize.
River Sand Mining Modelling and Sustainable Practice: The Kangsabati River, India (Environmental Science and Engineering)
by Raj Kumar Bhattacharya Nilanjana Das ChatterjeeWorldwide demand for sand and gravel is increasing daily, as the need for these materials continues to rise, for example in the construction sector, in land filling and for transportation sector based infrastructural projects. This results in over-extraction of sand from channel beds, and hampers the natural renewal of sediment, geological setup and morphological processes of the riverine system. In India, illegal sand mining (of alluvial channels) and gravel mining (of perennial channels) are two anthropogenic issues that negatively affect the sustainable drainage system. Along the Kangsabati River in India, the consequences of sand mining are very serious. The construction of Mukutmonipur Dam (1958) on the river causes huge sediment deposition along the middle and downstream areas, these same areas are also intensely mined for sand (instream and on the flood plain). Geospatial models are applied in order to better understand the state and the resilience of stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecosystem variables during pre-mining and post-mining stages, using micro-level datasets of the Kangsabati River. The book also includes practicable measures to minimize the environmental consequences of instream mining in respect to optimum sand mining. It discusses the threshold limits of each variable in stream hydraulics, morphological and river ecological regime, and also discusses the most affected variables. Consequently, all outputs will be very useful for students, researchers, academicians, decision makers and practitioners and will facilitate applying these techniques to create models for other river basins.
Developmentalism as Strategy: Interrogating Post-colonial Narratives on India’s North East (SAGE Studies on India′s North East)
by Rakhee BhattacharyaDevelopmentalism as Strategy: Interrogating Post-colonial Narratives on India’s North East critically examines the post-colonial developmental trajectory of the Indian State at its northeastern periphery. Due to its unique historical geography, India’s North East has been systematically marginalized and was imagined as ‘underdeveloped’. The dominant narrative of India’s economic nationalism has largely acted as a strategy within the North East in the context of resource appropriation and national security, and producing new arrangements of knowledge, power and practices. Adopting a methodological approach of interdisciplinarity, this book attempts to understand the exceptions to India’s dominant development policy as applied in the North East. In the changing dynamics of political economy of development in the region, the book further examines the subsequent transformation of the narrative of the North East from a ‘geographic marginality’ to a ‘natural gateway’, and explores the alternative to such mainstream development approach by raising debates in India’s North East.
Northeastern India and Its Neighbours: Negotiating Security and Development (Transition in Northeastern India)
by Rakhee BhattacharyaThis book explores — through extensive fieldwork — the link between development and security, critical to India’s Northeast, within the context of the cross-border space it shares with China, Myanmar, Bangladesh, Bhutan, and Nepal. For a long-term sustainable solution to serious issues that include illegal migration and militancy, it proposes forging economic initiatives/collaborations and addressing connectivity problems. @contents: 1. Security and Development: Understanding the Relationship 2. ‘China Factor’ and India’s Frontier 3. ‘Myanmar Situation’ and India’s Northeast 4. ‘Bangladesh’s Transition’ and India’s Borderland 5. ‘Nepal Issue’ and India East and Northeast 6. ‘Peaceful Bhutan’ and Northeast India’s Hope
Regional Development and Public Policy Challenges in India
by Rakhee BhattacharyaThis book emphasizes the need for experimenting with more deliberate and rigorous policy processes to attain balanced regional development, which can promote both equity and efficiency in India's development discourse. The institutional mechanisms for dealing with regional imbalance in India have not been very successful so far. With rising discrepancies in development, demand for autonomy continues along with a new dimension of regionalism arising from submerged identity along with political and economic aspirations, which demanded new channels for solution. So far, attempts to create space for autonomy have possibly not optimally accommodated the conceptual mechanisms like equity and democratic process. Thus democratizing policy process using six pillars of voice: knowledge, objective, fundamental values, implementation framework and public awareness can ensure a better policy outcome for dealing with the persistent challenges of regional disparity in India. This book further focuses on the need for democratizing the policy process for regional development through discussion and inclusion. Such a transition needs innovation in policy regime, which can be attained through following six pillars (i) Democratic voice of stakeholders in policy development and implementation; (ii) Clear policy objectives that advance the common good, based on voice; (iii) Unbiased, sound and comprehensive knowledge and data bases. (iv) Consistency with constitutional values; (v) A sound implementation framework ensuring user-friendliness, transparency and rationality of decision-making processes, effective grievance redress, clear accountability and independent evaluation; (vi) Public awareness and support of policies with relevant and public participation in implementation.
Public Women in British India: Icons and the Urban Stage
by Rimli BhattacharyaThis book foregrounds the subjectivity of ‘acting women’ amidst violent debates on femininity and education, livelihood and labour, sexuality and marriage. It looks at the emergence of the stage actress as an artist and an ideological construct at critical phases of performance practice in British India. The focus here is on Calcutta, considered the ‘second city of the Empire’ and a nodal point in global trade circuits. Each chapter offers new ways of conceptualising the actress as a professional, a colonial subject, simultaneously the other and the model of the ‘new woman’. An underlying motif is the playing out of the idea of spiritual salvation, redemption and modernity. Analysing the dynamics behind stagecraft and spectacle, the study highlights the politics of demarcation and exclusion of social roles. It presents rich archival work from diverse sources, many translated for the first time. This book makes a distinctive contribution in intertwining performance studies with literary history and art practices within a cross-cultural framework. Interdisciplinary and innovative, it will appeal to scholars and researchers in South Asian theatre and performance studies, history and gender studies.
Exchange Rate Regime Considerations for Jordan and Lebanon
by Rina BhattacharyaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
External Sector Reform and Public Enterprise Restructuring
by Rina BhattacharyaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Political Economy Aspects of Trade and Financial Liberalization: Implications for Sequencing
by Rina BhattacharyaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Private Sector Consumption Behavior and Non-Keynesian Effects of Fiscal Policy
by Rina BhattacharyaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Trade and Domestic Financial Market Reform Under Political Uncertainty: Implications for Investment, Savings, and the Real Exchange Rate
by Rina BhattacharyaA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Oil and Growth in the Republic of Congo
by Rina Bhattacharya Dhaneshwar GhuraA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Private Sector Consumption and Government Consumption and Debt in Advanced Economies: An Empirical Study
by Rina Bhattacharya Sanchita MukherjeeA report from the International Monetary Fund.
Constraints on Growth in the MENA Region
by Rina Bhattacharya Hirut WoldeA report from the International Monetary Fund.