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Groundwater and Society: Applications of Geospatial Technology
by Gouri Sankar Bhunia Pravat Kumar Shit Partha Pratim Adhikary Ch. Jyotiprava DashThis volume advances the scientific understanding, development, and application of geospatial technologies related to groundwater resource management, mapping, monitoring, and modelling using up-to-date remote sensing and GIS techniques. The book further provides a critical analysis of the debates and discourses surrounding groundwater resources and society, illustrates the relationship between groundwater resources and precision agriculture for societal development, and describes novel, region-specific management strategies and techniques for sustainability with case studies. The book is organized into three parts: (I) Groundwater resources and societal development; (II) Groundwater availability, quality and pollution; and (III) Sustainable groundwater resources management. Each section begins with a short introduction that includes an overview of the papers in that section. Individual chapters focus on the core themes of research and knowledge along with some topics that have received lesser attention. The book will be of interest to water resource planners and decision-makers, academic researchers, policy makers, NGOs, and academic researchers and students in Geography, Geophysics, Hydrology, Remote Sensing & GIS, Agriculture, Soil Science, and Agronomy.
Anthropogeomorphology: A Geospatial Technology Based Approach (Geography of the Physical Environment)
by Gouri Sankar Bhunia Pravat Kumar Shit Uday Chatterjee K. C. LalmalsawmzauvaThis book explores state-of-art techniques based on open-source software and statistical programming and modelling in modern geospatial applications, specifically focusing on recent trends in data mining techniques and robust modelling in Geomorphological, Hydrological, Bio-physical and Social activities. The book is organized into physical, mountainous, coastal, riverine, forest, urban and biological activities, with each chapter providing a review of the current knowledge in the focus area, and evaluating where future efforts should be directed. The text compiles a collection of recent developments and rigorous applications of Geospatial computational intelligence (e.g., artificial neural network, spatial interpolation, physical and environmental modelling and machine learning algorithms etc) in geomorphic processes from a team of expert contributors. The authors address the wide range of challenges and uncertainties in the study of earth system dynamics due to climate change, and complex anthropogenic interferences where spatial modelling may be applied in the risk assessment of vulnerable geomorphological landscapes. The book will act as a guide to find recent advancements in geospatial artificial intelligence techniques and its application to natural and social hazards. This information will be helpful for students, researchers, policy makers, environmentalists, planners involved in natural hazard and disaster management, NGOs, and government organizations.
Computing with Memory for Energy-Efficient Robust Systems
by Swarup Bhunia Somnath PaulThis book analyzes energy and reliability as major challenges faced by designers of computing frameworks in the nanometer technology regime. The authors describe the existing solutions to address these challenges and then reveal a new reconfigurable computing platform, which leverages high-density nanoscale memory for both data storage and computation to maximize the energy-efficiency and reliability. The energy and reliability benefits of this new paradigm are illustrated and the design challenges are discussed. Various hardware and software aspects of this exciting computing paradigm are described, particularly with respect to hardware-software co-designed frameworks, where the hardware unit can be reconfigured to mimic diverse application behavior. Finally, the energy-efficiency of the paradigm described is compared with other, well-known reconfigurable computing platforms.
Fundamentals of IP and SoC Security
by Swarup Bhunia Sandip Ray Susmita Sur-KolayThis book is about security in embedded systems and it provides an authoritative reference to all aspects of security in system-on-chip (SoC) designs. The authors discuss issues ranging from security requirements in SoC designs, definition of architectures and design choices to enforce and validate security policies, and trade-offs and conflicts involving security, functionality, and debug requirements. Coverage also includes case studies from the "trenches" of current industrial practice in design, implementation, and validation of security-critical embedded systems. Provides an authoritative reference and summary of the current state-of-the-art in security for embedded systems, hardware IPs and SoC designs; Takes a "cross-cutting" view of security that interacts with different design and validation components such as architecture, implementation, verification, and debug, each enforcing unique trade-offs; Includes high-level overview, detailed analysis on implementation, and relevant case studies on design/verification/debug issues related to IP/SoC security.
The Hardware Trojan War
by Swarup Bhunia Mark M. TehranipoorThis book, for the first time, provides comprehensive coverage on malicious modification of electronic hardware, also known as, hardware Trojan attacks, highlighting the evolution of the threat, different attack modalities, the challenges, and diverse array of defense approaches. It debunks the myths associated with hardware Trojan attacks and presents practical attack space in the scope of current business models and practices. It covers the threat of hardware Trojan attacks for all attack surfaces; presents attack models, types and scenarios; discusses trust metrics; presents different forms of protection approaches - both proactive and reactive; provides insight on current industrial practices; and finally, describes emerging attack modes, defenses and future research pathways.
Komuram Bheem Oka Aadivasi Virudi Navala Bommalatho
by BhupalKomuram Bheem Oka Aadivasi Virudi Navala Bommalatho is the lifes story of the tribal leader who fought against the Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the liberation of Hyderabad.
Artificial intelligence in Pharmaceutical Sciences
by Mullaicharam Bhupathyraaj Reeta Vijaya Rani, K. Musthafa Mohamed EssaThis cutting-edge reference book discusses the intervention of artificial intelligence in the fields of drug development, modified drug delivery systems, pharmaceutical technology, and medical devices development. This comprehensive book includes an overview of artificial intelligence in pharmaceutical sciences and applications in the drug discovery and development process. It discusses the role of machine learning in the automated detection and sorting of pharmaceutical formulations. It covers nanosafety and the role of artificial intelligence in predicting potential adverse biological effects. FEATURES Includes lucid, step-by-step instructions to apply artificial intelligence and machine learning in pharmaceutical sciences Explores the application of artificial intelligence in nanosafety and prediction of potential hazards Covers application of artificial intelligence in drug discovery and drug development Reviews the role of artificial intelligence in assessment of pharmaceutical formulations Provides artificial intelligence solutions for experts in the pharmaceutical and medical devices industries This book is meant for academicians, students, and industry experts in pharmaceutical sciences, medicine, and pharmacology.
NanoBioEngineering
by Bhupinder Singh, Jagat R. Kanwar and Sanjay GargThe objective of this book is to provide the fundamental comprehension of a broad range of topics in an integrated volume such that readership hailing from diverse disciplines can rapidly acquire the necessary background for applying it in pertinent research and development field.
Escape To Nowhere
by Amar BhushanA whistleblower nervously drops in to share his suspicion about a senior colleague's involvement in espionage with Jeevnathan, head of the security division of the Agency, India's External Intelligence Service. An inquiry is promptly launched and Ravi, the suspect is placed under an elaborate regime of surveillance. The investigation subsequently throws up a huge amount of evidence, showing the suspect stealing sensitive data. As panic sets in, investigators acrimoniously debate whether to allow the suspect to walk free or physically force him to own up his crime. For Jeevnathan, the problem also is how to keep the tiring watchers going and persuade an edgy Chief to stay on course. As the story enters 96th Day, paradoxical consequences follow. Loosely inspired by a true incident that took place in 2004 when a senior intelligence officer suspected of being a spy for decades vanished, the story also treats us to a rare insight into the state of security awareness of employees in the Agency, constrains in conducting aggressive operations, pitfalls in liaison relationship, competing interests of intelligence services, hazards in co-ordination of intelligence inputs and the Kashmir imbroglio.
The Wily Agent and The Zero Cost Mission
by Amar BhushanThis book consists of two stories — ‘Zero Cost Mission’, which unravels the covert operation against Jamaat, and ‘Wily Agent’, which digs up a spectacular operation launched by R&AW in the 1990s to recruit a top asset in Bangladeshi establishment while providing us a peep inside the inner working of the spy agency, the perils of running agents beyond the border and sibling rivalry within the system.
Bioinspired Water Harvesting, Purification, and Oil-Water Separation (Springer Series in Materials Science #299)
by Bharat BhushanThis book presents an overview of arid desert conditions and natural mechanisms for water harvesting from fog and condensation, providing data on various bioinspired surfaces for water collection. It discusses consumer to military and emergency applications. It presents various designs for water harvesting towers and projections for water collection, and describes innovative approaches to bioinspired water desalination, water purification and oil-water separation.Fresh water sustains human life and is vital for health. However, water scarcity affects more than 40% of the global population and is projected to rise, especially in some of the world’s most impoverished countries. Additionally, water contamination is one of the most critical environmental and natural resource concerns of the 21st century. This book addresses these topics with a presentation of the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly bioinspired surfaces for water harvesting from fog and condensation, as well as bioinspired oil-water separation techniques for removing oil contaminants from oil-water mixtures and oil-water emulsions.Intended for novices as well as experts in the field, the book offers actionable insight for practitioners, solution seekers, and the generally curious alike. It serves as an excellent accompanying text for one-semester courses in biomimetics, water supply and management, or environmental engineering.
Biomimetics: Bioinspired Hierarchical-Structured Surfaces for Green Science and Technology (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Bharat BhushanThis book presents an overview of the general field of biomimetics - lessons from nature. It presents various examples of biomimetics, including roughness-induced superomniphobic surfaces which provide functionality of commercial interest. The major focus in the book is on lotus effect, rose petal effect, shark skin effect, and gecko adhesion. For each example, the book first presents characterization of an object to understand how a natural object provides functionality, followed by modeling and then fabrication of structures in the lab using nature's route to verify one's understanding of nature and provide guidance for development of optimum structures. Once it is understood how nature does it, examples of fabrication of optimum structures using smart materials and fabrication techniques, are presented. Examples of nature inspired objects are also presented throughout.
Biomimetics: Bioinspired Hierarchical-Structured Surfaces for Green Science and Technology (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Bharat BhushanThis book presents an overview of the general field of biomimetics - lessons from nature. It presents various examples of biomimetics, including roughness-induced superomniphobic surfaces which provide functionality of commercial interest. The major focus in the book is on lotus effect, rose petal effect, shark skin effect, and gecko adhesion. For each example, the book first presents characterization of an object to understand how a natural object provides functionality, followed by modeling and then fabrication of structures in the lab using nature’s route to verify one’s understanding of nature and provide guidance for development of optimum structures. Once it is understood how nature does it, examples of fabrication of optimum structures using smart materials and fabrication techniques, are presented. Examples of nature inspired objects are also presented throughout.
Biophysics of Skin and Its Treatments: Structural, Nanotribological, and Nanomechanical Studies (Biological and Medical Physics, Biomedical Engineering)
by Bharat BhushanThis book provides a comprehensive overview of the structural, nanotribological and nanomechanical properties of skin with and without cream treatment as a function of operating environment. The biophysics of skin as the outer layer covering human or animal body is discussed as a complex biological structure. Skin cream is used to improve skin health and create a smooth, soft, and flexible surface with moist perception by altering the surface roughness, friction, adhesion, elastic modulus, and surface charge of the skin surface.
Blockchain Technology in Healthcare Applications: Social, Economic, and Technological Implications (Advances in Smart Healthcare Technologies)
by Bharat BhushanTremendous growth in healthcare treatment techniques and methods has led to the emergence of numerous storage and communication problems and need for security among vendors and patients. This book brings together latest applications and state-of-the-art developments in healthcare sector using Blockchain technology. It explains how blockchain can enhance security, privacy, interoperability, and data accessibility including AI with blockchains, blockchains for medical imaging to supply chain management, and centralized management/clearing houses alongside DLT. Features: Includes theoretical concepts, empirical studies and detailed overview of various aspects related to development of healthcare applications from a reliable, trusted, and secure data transmission perspective. Provide insights on business applications of Blockchain, particularly in the healthcare sector. Explores how Blockchain can solve the transparency issues in the clinical research. Discusses AI with Blockchains, ranging from medical imaging to supply chain management. Reviews benchmark testing of AI with Blockchains and its impacts upon medical uses. This book aims at researchers and graduate students in healthcare information systems, computer and electrical engineering.
Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology
by Bharat BhushanThe Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology provides a comprehensive and multi-disciplinary reference to the many fields relevant to the general field of nanotechnology. It aims to be a comprehensive and genuinely international reference work and will be aimed at graduate students, researchers, and practitioners. The Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology introduces a large number of terms, devices and processes which are related to the multi-disciplinary field of Nanotechnology. For each entry in this 4 volume set a 4-10 page description is provided by an expert in the field. Contributions are made by experts from the US, Europe and Asia, making this a comprehensive and truly international Reference Work. The authors are typically from academia, however one quarter of all entries were written by persons from industry. Topics covered in the Reference Work include: - Nano- Microfabrication Processes and Materials for Fabrication - Nanoscale Measurement Techniques - Nanostructures - Nanomaterials - Nanomechanics - Molecular Modeling and Its Role in Advancing Nanotechnology - MEMS/NEMS - Microfluidics and Nanofluidics - Biomedical Engineering and Biodevices - Bio/Nanotechnology and Nanomedicine - Bio/Nanotechnology for cellular engineering - Drug Delivery - Technology and Applications - Assembly - Organic Electronics - Nano-optical Devices - Micro/nano Integration - Materials, Coatings and Surface Treatments for Nanotribology - Micro/NanoReliability - thermal, mechanical etc. - Biomimetics
Handbook of Micro/Nano Tribology
by Bharat BhushanThis second edition of Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology addresses the rapid evolution within this field, serving as a reference for the novice and the expert alike. Two parts divide this handbook: Part I covers basic studies, and Part II addresses design, construction, and applications to magnetic storage devices and MEMS.Discussions include:surface physics and methods for physically and chemically characterizing solid surfacesroughness characterization and static contact models using fractal analysissliding at the interface and friction on an atomic scalescratching and wear as a result of slidingnanofabrication/nanomachining as well as nano/picoindentationlubricants for minimizing friction and wearsurface forces and microrheology of thin liquid filmsmeasurement of nanomechanical properties of surfaces and thin filmsatomic-scale simulations of interfacial phenomenamicro/nanotribology and micro/nanomechanics of magnetic storage devicesThis comprehensive book contains 16 chapters contributed by more than 20 international researchers. In each chapter, the presentation starts with macroconcepts and then lead to microconcepts. With more than 500 illustrations and 50 tables, Handbook of Micro/Nanotribology covers the range of relevant topics, including characterization of solid surfaces, measurement techniques and applications, and theoretical modeling of interfaces. What's New in the Second Edition? New chapters on:AFM instrumentationSurface forces and adhesionDesign and construction of magnetic storage devicesMicrodynamical devices and systemsMechanical properties of materials in microstructureMicro/nanotribology and micro/nanomechanics of MEMS devices
Internet of Things: Frameworks for Enabling and Emerging Technologies (Edge AI in Future Computing)
by Bharat BhushanToday, Internet of Things (IoT) is ubiquitous as it is applied in practice in everything from Industrial Control Systems (ICS) to e-Health, e-commerce, Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), smart cities, smart parking, healthcare, supply chain management and many more. Numerous industries, academics, alliances and standardization organizations make an effort on IoT standardization, innovation and development. But there is still a need for a comprehensive framework with integrated standards under one IoT vision. Furthermore, the existing IoT systems are vulnerable to huge range of malicious attacks owing to the massive numbers of deployed IoT systems, inadequate data security standards and the resource-constrained nature. Existing security solutions are insufficient and therefore it is necessary to enable the IoT devices to dynamically counter the threats and save the system. Apart from illustrating the diversified IoT applications, this book also addresses the issue of data safekeeping along with the development of new security-enhancing schemes such as blockchain, as well as a range of other advances in IoT. The reader will discover that the IoT facilitates a multidisciplinary approach dedicated to create novel applications and develop integrated solutions to build a sustainable society. The innovative and fresh advances that demonstrate IoT and computational intelligence in practice are discussed in this book, which will be helpful and informative for scientists, research scholars, academicians, policymakers, industry professionals, government organizations and others. This book is intended for a broad target audience, including scholars of various generations and disciplines, recognized scholars (lecturers and professors) and young researchers (postgraduate and undergraduates) who study the legal and socio-economic consequences of the emergence and dissemination of digital technologies such as IoT. Furthermore, the book is intended for researchers, developers and operators working in the field of IoT and eager to comprehend the vulnerability of the IoT paradigm. The book will serve as a comprehensive guide for the advanced-level students in computer science who are interested in understanding the severity and implications of the accompanied security issues in IoT. Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Assistant Professor of Department of Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) at School of Engineering and Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, India. Prof. (Dr.) Sudhir Kumar Sharma is currently a Professor and Head of the Department of Computer Science, Institute of Information Technology & Management affiliated to GGSIPU, New Delhi, India. Prof. (Dr.) Bhuvan Unhelkar (BE, MDBA, MSc, PhD; FACS; PSM-I, CBAP®) is an accomplished IT professional and Professor of IT at the University of South Florida, Sarasota-Manatee (Lead Faculty). Dr. Muhammad Fazal Ijaz is working as an Assistant Professor in Department of Intelligent Mechatronics Engineering, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea. Prof. (Dr.) Lamia Karim is a professor of computer science at the National School of Applied Sciences Berrechid (ENSAB), Hassan 1st University.
Introduction to Biomimetics and Bioinspiration: Materials and Surfaces for Green Science and Technology
by Bharat BhushanThis textbook provides a comprehensive overview of biomimetics and biologically inspired materials, capturing the essence of innovation that draws inspiration from nature. Featuring diverse examples of biomimetics, the book explores surfaces exhibiting characteristics such as roughness-induced super-phobicity/philicity, self-cleaning mechanisms, antifouling properties, low drag, reversible adhesion, high hardness, and mechanical toughness. It also covers phenomena like water harvesting, purification, insect locomotion, and piercing. The book emphasizes durable materials and surfaces with a strong focus on the Lotus Effect, superoleophobic/philic surfaces, anti-biofouling, water purification, oil-water separation, shark skin-inspired low-drag surfaces, gecko-inspired reversible adhesion, nanofabrication, water-harvesting, and mosquito-inspired painless piercing. This is the first textbook on biomimetics and bioinspired surfaces. It is tailored for undergraduate or graduate students of materials science, chemistry, physics, and biology, and serves as an excellent resource for a one-semester course in biomimetics/bioinspiration while also functioning as a valuable textbook for applied nanotechnology courses. Accessible to both novices and experts alike, as well as practitioners, solution seekers, and the intellectually curious, this book is poised to contribute to the advancement of biomimetics, fostering a deeper understanding of nature's design brilliance and its transformative potential in materials science.
Introduction to Tribology
by Bharat BhushanA fully updated version of the popular Introduction to Tribology, the second edition of this leading tribology text introduces the major developments in the understanding and interpretation of friction, wear and lubrication. Considerations of friction and wear have been fully revised to include recent analysis and data work, and friction mechanisms have been reappraised in light of current developments. In this edition, the breakthroughs in tribology at the nano- and micro- level as well as recent developments in nanotechnology and magnetic storage technologies are introduced. A new chapter on the emerging field of green tribology and biomimetics is included. Introduces the topic of tribology from a mechanical engineering, mechanics and materials science points of viewNewly updated chapter covers both the underlying theory and the current applications of tribology to industryUpdated write-up on nanotribology and nanotechnology and introduction of a new chapter on green tribology and biomimeticsEnables readers to reinforce their knowledge of the topic with a newly added problems section which features on the book's companion website
Media, Migrants and the Pandemic in India: A Reader
by Bharat BhushanThe national lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in India resulted in the loss of work and displacement of thousands of urban migrant workers. This book records the arduous journey home for many of these workers and analyses the grave effects the pandemic has had on jobs, livelihoods, and the health of urban migrant workers. A rich compilation of deep analytical articles by journalists, academics, lawyers, and social activists, this book explores various facets of the crisis as it unfolded. It examines the welfare policies of state and central governments and discusses the role of the judiciary and the public policy response to the unemployment, health risks, and mass migration of workers. It also offers readers a better understanding of the complexities of the migrant crisis, how it unfolded, and how it was addressed by the media. This timely and prescient book will be of great interest to the general reader as well as researchers and students of media studies, journalism, sociology, law, public policy, labour and economics, welfare economics, gender studies, and development studies.
Nanotribology and Nanomechanics
by Bharat BhushanThe recent emergence and proliferation of proximal probes, e. g. SPM and AFM, and computational techniques for simulating tip-surface interactions has enabled the systematic investigation of interfacial problems on ever smaller scales, as well as created means for modifying and manipulating nanostructures. In short, they have led to the appearance of the new, interdisciplinary fields of micro/nanotribology and micro/nanomechanics. This volume serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics and applications to magnetic storage systems and MEMS/NEMS. Assuming some familiarity with macrotribology/mechanics, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts. After reviewing the fundamental experimental and theoretical aspects in the first part, Nanotribology and Nanomechanics then treats applications. Three groups of readers are likely to find this text valuable: graduate students, research workers, and practicing engineers. It can serve as the basis for a comprehensive, one- or two-semester course in scanning probe microscopy; applied scanning probe techniques; or nanotribology/nanomechanics/nanotechnology, in departments such as mechanical engineering, materials science, and applied physics. With a Foreword by Physics Nobel Laureate Gerd Binnig Dr. Bharat Bhushan is an Ohio Eminent Scholar and The Howard D. Winbigler Professor in the Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate Research Faculty Advisor in the Department of Materials Science and Engineering, and the Director of the Nanotribology Laboratory for Information Storage & MEMS/NEMS (NLIM) at the Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio. He is an internationally recognized expert of tribology and mechanics on the macro- to nanoscales, and is one of the most prolific authors. He is considered by some a pioneer of the tribology and mechanics of magnetic storage devices and a leading researcher in the fields of nanotribology and nanomechanics using scanning probe microscopy and applications to micro/nanotechnology. He is the recipient of various international fellowships including the Alexander von Humboldt Research Prize for Senior Scientists, Max Planck Foundation Research Award for Outstanding Foreign Scientists, and the Fulbright Senior Scholar Award.
Nanotribology and Nanomechanics I
by Bharat BhushanThe comprehensive reference and textbook serves as a timely, practical introduction to the principles of nanotribology and nanomechanics. Assuming some familiarity with macroscopic tribology, the book comprises chapters by internationally recognized experts, who integrate knowledge of the field from the mechanics and materials-science perspectives. They cover key measurement techniques, their applications, and theoretical modelling of interfaces, each beginning their contributions with macro- and progressing to microconcepts.
Principles and Applications of Tribology
by Bharat BhushanThis fully updated Second Edition provides the reader with the solid understanding of tribology which is essential to engineers involved in the design of, and ensuring the reliability of, machine parts and systems. It moves from basic theory to practice, examining tribology from the integrated viewpoint of mechanical engineering, mechanics, and materials science. It offers detailed coverage of the mechanisms of material wear, friction, and all of the major lubrication techniques - liquids, solids, and gases - and examines a wide range of both traditional and state-of-the-art applications.For this edition, the author has included updates on friction, wear and lubrication, as well as completely revised material including the latest breakthroughs in tribology at the nano- and micro- level and a revised introduction to nanotechnology. Also included is a new chapter on the emerging field of green tribology and biomimetics.
Scanning Probe Microscopy in Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 3
by Bharat BhushanThis book presents the physical and technical foundation of the state of the art in applied scanning probe techniques. It constitutes a timely and comprehensive overview of SPM applications. The chapters in this volume relate to scanning probe microscopy techniques, characterization of various materials and structures and typical industrial applications, including topographic and dynamical surface studies of thin-film semiconductors, polymers, paper, ceramics, and magnetic and biological materials. The chapters are written by leading researchers and application scientists from all over the world and from various industries to provide a broader perspective.